![]() ![]() The name black prince was in popular use by 1923. Relationships of the members of the genus Psaltoda remain unclear pending a full phylogenetic investigation. Psaltoda harrisii is also similar, but is smaller and lacks the wing infuscation. plaga in colour and brown discoloration on the wing, but has its prominent postclypeus and large abdominal tergite 3 suggest a closer relationship with P. The older combination was ruled invalid as the binomial name Cicada argentata had been originally used for a European cicada now known as Cicadetta argentata, and the black prince became Psaltoda plaga. He noted in 1858 that the binomial Cicada argentata had been used by a European species, and declared that Germar's cicada needed a new name. Meanwhile, English entomologist Francis Walker described Cicada plaga in 1850 as well as querying further specimens as Cicada argentata. Swedish entomologist Carl Stål defined the new genus Psaltoda in 1861 with three species, including the black prince as Psaltoda argentata. The black prince was originally described by German naturalist Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1834 as Cicada argentata, the species name derived from the Latin argentum "silver". The predominantly black form from the Sydney and Central Coast regions is commonly known as the black prince, while the term silver knight is used for the species as a whole.Īn audio recording of a Black Prince Cicada (Psaltoda plaga). Adult cicadas appear over the summer and inhabit forested areas near bodies of water. Mechanical properties membrane and vein microscopic structure scanning electron microscope tensile testing.Psaltoda plaga is a species of cicada native to eastern Australia, from Maryborough in central Queensland to Bega in southern New South Wales. The membrane far from the wing root is thinner and the elastic modulus of the nearby wing veins is smaller, making them more flexible. This renders the region near the wing root difficult to deform. The wing membrane near the wing root is thicker and reinforced by the main wing vein with a high elastic modulus. Because the wing vein microstructure exhibits an internal hollow tubular structure with flocculent structure inside, the "fresh" sample stores more water than the "dry" sample. We proved that the elastic moduli of the "fresh" and "dry" wing veins differ greatly compared with those of the wing membrane. This is a suitable reference for selecting materials for making bionic aircraft wings. The elastic modulus of the wing membrane near the wing root is in the range of 4.45-5.03 GPa, which is comparable to that of membranes manufactured by industries. The wing membrane and the outer wall of the wing vein are the layered structure with multilayer fibers, which has a great significance for improving the ability of the forewing to sustain aerodynamic loads. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The distribution of the wing vein diameter and the wing membrane thickness indicated that the forewing of Cryptotympana atrata is composed of heterogeneous materials. The measurements of the forewing of the cicada may serve as a guide for selecting airfoil materials for the bionic flapping-wing aircraft and promote the design and manufacture of more durable bionic wings in the future. The different membrane thicknesses and elastic moduli of the wing veins near the root and tip resulted in varied degrees of deformation on both sides of the flexion line of the forewing during twisting. The "fresh" sample stored more water than the "dry" sample, resulting in a significant difference in the elastic modulus between the fresh and dried veins. The microstructure of the wing vein exhibited a hollow tubular structure with flocculent structure inside. The elastic modulus of the membrane near the wing root ranged from 4.45 to 5.03 GPa, which is comparable to that of some industrial membranes. The thickness of the wing membranes ranged from 6.0 to 29.9 μm, and the diameter of the wing veins decreased in a gradient from the wing root to the tip, demonstrating that the forewing of the black cicada is a nonuniform biomaterial. The thickness of the wing membranes and the diameter of veins varied from the wing root to the tip. In this paper, we study the microscopic structures and mechanical properties of the forewing of the black cicada, Cryptotympana atrata. An insect wing is a biomaterial composed of flexible membranes and tough veins. Insects in nature flap their wings to generate lift force and driving torque to adjust their attitude and control stability. ![]()
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