![]() An uncompressed, low-latency, multi-channel audio network built on the DANTE protocol.18 self-powered speaker modules with 31 independent full-range channels plus a sub channel, resulting in 558 individually addressable channels.The array is comprised of 3 primary systems: The EMPAC array has the added benefit of eliminating every other driver from the field, so one is afforded a real-time A-B perceptual study of what these high-frequency components contribute. The EMPAC WFS system spaces the loudspeakers at 5.8cm, which results in a system capable of generating coherent wave fronts up to around 3.3 kHz. The concept of an array with a smaller distance between loudspeakers than currently available, and with a greater number of channels held promise. ![]() We wanted to build a WFS system that produces immersive wave fields with the prominent and non-dominant cues used in localization and spatial perception being generated in a physically correct way. The localization of sound and the definition of timbre in speech and other acoustic events lean heavily on frequencies 2kHz and above. A WFS system with 4-inch drivers spaced at 12cm will produce an effective wave field with a maximum frequency of approximately 1400Hz at 24 cm (8-inch drivers), the top frequency is roughly half that, around 700Hz. The majority of the systems currently in use have speakers spaced between 10cm and 12cm apart. Above this cutoff frequency, distortion of the wave field occurs due to spatial aliasing of higher frequencies. In WFS, the distance between the loudspeakers’ centers determines the highest frequency at which synthesized wave fields can be rendered physically correct. In 2015, EMPAC embarked on the design and construction of a high-density wave field loudspeaker array with the primary goal of increasing the high-frequency resolution of current horizontal WFS systems, while creating a modular, easily deployable, and accessible solution for research, creation, and presentation. While stereo or commercially available surround techniques rely on the listener being in the “sweet spot,” a very limited area where the proper localization of sounds can be perceived, WFS allows listeners to be anywhere in the active sound field and still perceive the accurate placement of the virtual sound sources. ![]() Human auditory perception is the same as it would be in a real sound field.Ī large number of small, independently controlled loudspeakers are required to create a physically correct synthesized wave field. You cannot distinguish the synthesized source from a “real” wave field at frequencies below the upper frequency limit of the system. The synthesis is precise and physically correct. Wave field synthesis (WFS) is a spatial audio rendering technique that places virtual sound sources in real space. EMPAC embarked on the design and construction of this high-density loudspeaker array with the goal of increasing the high-frequency resolution of current, traditional, horizontal WFS systems while creating a modular, easily deployable, and accessible solution for research, composition, and presentation.
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